What you need to know about HPV

What is HPV?

HPV stands for Human papillomavirus.² HPV infections are very common.² Nearly everyone will get HPV at some point in their lifetime.²

Does HPV affect both males and females?

Both males and females can get an HPV infection.⁵ Most HPV infections go away by themselves within 2 years.² But sometimes, HPV infections will last longer and can cause certain types of HPV related cancers.²

HPV infections can cause cancers of the²

Cervix
Penis
Anus
Vagina
Vulva

In Ireland in 2020, HPV-related cancers claimed the lives of more than 150 people.⁸ Additionally, HPV infections can cause genital warts in both males and females, with more than 1,000 reported cases of genital warts in Ireland each year.¹⁴

How is HPV transmitted and its potential risks?

HPV is spread through intimate skin to skin contact.² You can get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the infection, even if they don’t have any signs or symptoms.² HPV is a very common virus that can cause cancers later in life.²

What are the symptoms of HPV?

You can’t always tell if a person has HPV as most HPV infections don’t have signs or symptoms.^2,3 This means that people infected with HPV often don’t know that they have it and can continue transmitting the infection to others.³ However, you can develop symptoms years after having sex with someone who has the infection.³ This is what makes it hard to know when you first got it.³ HPV that persists can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer.³ Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area.³

If I have a HPV infection, will I get cancer?

It’s important to note that developing cancer after a HPV infection typically takes years.⁵ While some individuals may clear their HPV infection within two years, others may not be able to do so.^2,5 For those who do not clear the infection, there is a potential risk of developing certain types of HPV-related cancers.² However, it is impossible to predict who will develop cancer or other health issues resulting from HPV.⁵ This is why cervical screening is important.⁹ People with weakened immune systems, like people with HIV, may be less able to clear HPV infections, and more likely to develop health problems caused by HPV.⁵ Regular medical check-ups can help in monitoring and addressing any potential health concerns associated with HPV.^4,10

How can I avoid HPV and the health problems it can cause?

To minimise the risk of HPV and associated health complications, several preventive measures can be taken:

Cervical Screening: Anyone with a cervix between the ages of 25 and 65 should go for their regular cervical screening when due.⁹ Screening is essential for early detection and intervention if any abnormalities are found.³
If you are sexually active, consistent and correct use of condoms can reduce the chances of contracting HPV.³ While condoms provide some protection, it’s important to note that they may not fully guard against HPV, as the virus can infect areas not covered by the condom.³
Vaccination – there are vaccines available to protect against diseases, including cancer, caused by HPV.³

By following these preventive measures, you can lower the likelihood of contracting HPV and minimise the potential health risks it can cause.¹⁰ Remember to consult with your doctor or nurse for guidance and recommendations.